Who made the first reel? (getting closer....)

Chinese probably..

 

Early Reels
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here are precious few clues in the literature, and although it is possible that the ancient Chinese were using reels as early as 300 or 400 A.D. the references are obscure . Art, on the other hand, is more informative. A painting by Ma Yaun, dated circa 1195 , shows a man fishing from a boat, using a rod that appears to have a reel attached. The first indisputable illustration of a reel is a painting of a Chinese turtle fisherman who is clearly using a reel attached to a rod in 1600 .

The first mention of the use of the reel in Europe was made a scant fifty years later, by Thomas Barker. The reel was attached via a spring clip fixed to a leather pad, which could be attached to the butt of any rod, and slid up and down into the correct position. It is quite likely that the spring clip was an early form of the clamp-foot that was to become so popular on reels in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Barker's book includes the first known European illustration of a fishing reel, perhaps the most maddening wood cut ever to have been published. If the illustration leaves you baffled, you are in good company!

There is a rather better illustration of a reel in Venables' book, hidden away in the frontispiece, part of which is reproduced here. Dainty, it ain't:

Barker's reel, and indeed every reel mentioned in the early accounts was used for trolling or for salmon fishing. The early trout fishers used either a fixed line, or a short running one, passing it through a loop at the tip of the rod and holding the free end by hand. If a fish was caught, the angler had four choices: to hang on until it played itself out; to run up and down the bank following the fish; to throw the rod in the water and retrieve it later; or to let the fish break him. It all seems totally irrational, but there were many good reasons why reels were not in general use for trout fishing. First, trout were no bigger then than they are now - an eight-inch trout can be handled perfectly well on a fixed line. Second, knotted horsehair didn't run with quite the same facility that a modern plasticised double-taper will; and allowing a fish to run was to risk a jam and a break. Third, the design of early reels was pretty awful; they weighed a ton and early brass alloys had a high zinc content and broke at the drop of a hat.

 

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Re: Who made the first reel? (getting closer...)

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Chinese mechanical inventions that contributed to world societies

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A common stereotype is that the Chinese have traditionally lacked scientific and technological ability, despite the four great revolutionary inventions of paper making, printing, gunpowder, and compass that have essentially changed the world. However, Chinese people have made a lot of other significant mechanical inventions besides the famous four, providing the source of many of the prerequisite technologies of modernity. From the 6th to the 15th century, China was the world's most technologically advanced society.

Here are some of the most celebrated mechanical inventions from China that have exerted profound influences towards the development of other societies, especially when they were passed to the West. 

""  Cast iron
""  The double-acting piston bellows
""  The crank handle (used for starting an engine)
""  The gimbals (as in the ancient Chinese Incense Burner)
""  Manufacture of steel from cast iron
""  The belt drive (or driving-belt)
""  Water power
""  The chain pump
""  Essentials of the steam engine
""  The chain drive (in which an endless wheel transmits power from an engine)
""  The wheelbarrow
""  Sliding calipers (a kind of compass used for measuring diameters)
""  The fishing reel
""  The umbrella
""  The mechanical clock
""  "Permanent" lamps
""  The spinning wheel
""  Rudder

Author: Jeff

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All rights reserved. Reproduction of text for non-commercial purposes is permitted provided that both the source and author are acknowledged and a notifying email is sent to us.

 

http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/goldenages/china.htm

http://www.amazon.com/Genius-China-Science-Discovery-Invention/dp/product-description/1853752924

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  Constructed by Chinadaily.com.cn
Copyright © 2003 Ministry of Culture, P.R.China. All rights reserved
 
  | sitemap | about us | contact us |  
  Constructed by Chinadaily.com.cn
Copyright © 2003 Ministry of Culture, P.R.China. All rights reserved
 

Re: Who made the first reel? (找到"寒江獨釣图")

  馬遠:宋代傑出畫家。字遙父,號欽山。原籍河中(今山西永濟縣附近),僑寓錢塘(今浙江杭州)。南宋畫院待詔。父世榮、伯父公顯,兄逵,都是畫院畫家。初師李唐,能獨闢蹊徑,自成一家。他畫樹石等用鄭虔的淡彩法,又頗類於巨然。下筆嚴正,用雄奇簡紅的筆法,水墨蒼勁的大斧劈皴,以堅實、爽朗有力的淺染來描寫江南雄偉壯麗的山川。兼畫人物、花鳥,作人物有軒昂閒雅之氣,與同時的夏  ,號稱“馬夏”。他善作平視或仰視的構圖,用焦墨作樹石,石皆方硬,危崖峭壁,水色交融。他畫的《水圖》表現了不同條件下江河湖海的運動狀態,奇幻多姿。在構圖方面,善於將複雜的景色給以高度的集中和概括。畫山,常畫山之一角,或“馬半邊”。對他簡潔有力的構圖,稱為“邊角之景”。他又多用水墨,畫樓閣用“界畫”;畫樹乾瘦硬為屈鐵,但剛健中有柔和。筆法豪放而謹嚴,變化多而融和。歷代評畫者評他是“水墨蒼勁”的風格。現存畫水的作品用各種輕重不同的筆法,把平遠、迂回、盤旋、洶湧、激撞、跳躍,以及微風吹起的微波,月光反映的灩蕩等水的動態,畫得十分動人。他的花鳥畫有《柳塘聚禽圖》、《梅石溪鳧圖》。人物畫有《女孝經圖》等。還有《華燈侍宴圖》、《尋灘雙鷺圖》、《四景圖》、《對月圖》、《寒江獨釣圖》、《踏歌圖》、《秋江漁隱圖》、《山徑春行圖》等。

Re: Who made the first reel?

Now only if we could locate "馬遠" 的《寒江獨釣圖》、《秋江漁隱圖》;-) .....was it Spinning?...or Levelwind?...should be fun :-o

http://www.metmuseum.org/special/Cultivated_Landscapes/5.L.htm (馬遠 往溪釣?)

http://www.albany.edu/faculty/hartman/eac280/43.html (米湖开季?)

http://www.albany.edu/faculty/hartman/eac280/30.html (building a Muskie Rod?;-))

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mqin/hob_1986.493.2.htm

http://encarta.msn.com/media_461530480_761569371_-1_1/Painting_by_Ma_Yuan.html

Re: Who made the first reel?

Very interesting.

我们作为子孙后代,好象看到了一点点祖先的光。。。""""

--- 梦鱼 ---

Re: Who made the first reel?

这类帖之都没有人回复,我就骂!

不懂文化!!!""

--- 梦鱼 ---

Re: Who made the first reel?

顶!顶!顶!

画儿是真好看。但没读文字,所以不知和钓鱼有什么关系。

Re: Who made the first reel?

都是興趣的問題﹐大概跟文化無關吧 ;-).....偶下一步要做的, 是找出一些圖像, 給此帖做个完結.... 

Re: Who made the first reel?

".......但没读文字,所以不知和钓鱼有什么关系。"

LaoK 兄, 請 "瞄準" 标题呀!!! :-):-).....砰! 砰! 砰!!!

Re: Who made the first reel?

明朝(1637)  宋應星  的 <<天 工 開 物 >> 或有記載  [img]http://record.museum.kyushu-u.ac.jp/Gallery.files/tenko.jpg[/img]

Robert Temple 的 "The Genius of China" .......Chapters out of stock :-(

打 書 釘 時 間 开 始;-)

 

 

Re: Who made the first reel?

[img]http://record.museum.kyushu-u.ac.jp/tenko/tenko/001th.jpg[/img]   [url=http://record.museum.kyushu-u.ac.jp/tenko/tenko/]天工開物[/url] 沒 戲 :-(

堂 堂 我 古 籍 只 能 在 鬼 子 網 站 處 找 到 ﹐唉.......

訂書是唯一出路? :-o

 

(10/21后記...偶古狗不力, 非鬼子的[url=http://www.chinapage.com/science/tiangongkaiwu/tiangongkaiwu.html]連結[/url] 还是有的:-))

 

Re: Who made the first reel?

这是他们侵犯我们的版权""

Re: Who made the first reel?

keep on searching.....

===============================================

The History of Chinese Invention & Discovery http://www.computersmiths.com/chineseinvention/

3rd century AD - (265~317 Western Chin)

   Cybernetic machine - 1600 years later in Western civilization
   Fishing reel - 1400 years later in Western civilization
   Stirrup - 300 years later in Western civilization
   Porcelain - 1700 years later in Western civilization
   Biological pest control - 1600 years later in Western civilization
   Deficiency diseases - 1600 years later in Western civilization
   Algebra used in geometry - 1000 years later in Western civilization
   Refined value of pi - 1200 years later in Western civilization
   Dial and pointer devices  - 1200 years later in Western civilization
   Understanding of musical timbre - 1600 years later in Western civilization

===============================================

Q2: When was the first fishing reel made? http://www.icdc.com/~vernonsk/FAQgeneral.htm

A: The earliest known illustration of what is clearly a fishing reel is a Chinese painting from 1195 A.D. Two engravings of reels appeared in a Chinese book published within the next 30 years. The spoked Chinese reels appear to be similar to the Indiana reels mentioned in the glossary.

(so the painting mentioned here was about 400 yrs before the one by Ma Yuan)

Indiana reel
A single-action, large-diameter, narrow reel with forked "spokes," around the ends of which the line was wound. The earliest examples patented in the U.S. were made in Indiana. The makers believed that the large diameter permitted rapid line retrieval without multiplying gears and that the narrow spools facilitated thumbing during the cast.

"ThumbBenson.jpghttp://www.icdc.com/~vernonsk/GlossFrame.htm

 

Re: Who made the first reel?

[img]http://www.antiquefishingcollectibles.com/images/gallerypics/indianareels/1-50/38.jpg[/img]

Indiana Style reel http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.antiquefishingcollectibles.com/images/gallerypics/indianareels/1-50/38.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.antiquefishingcollectibles.com/indiana%2520reels.htm&h=422&w=492&sz=20&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=rXYpU8YoOG55YM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dindiana%2Breel%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dlang_en

Comrades, a reel like that made in the 3rd century in China, had me figured out it could be made of bamboo.....I mean all-bamboo ;-)

Still searching......

Re: Who made the first reel?

搞什麼?

沒有去釣魚,就在這兒搞學堂,

Dr. shmart,我服了你,

但可不可以收我做學生,

最好做 record tape,太多字,看不來,

sorry!

Re: Who made the first reel?

那裡是什么學堂呀 :-)....只想將寻找过程跟同好分享一下....最终目标就是那幅图, 到时文字都变得不重要啦;-)

我也来无聊一把

捲線器的種類及其使用方法[知識]

捲線器,又稱放線器,力魯,古稱釣車,是抛(海)竿釣魚必備釣具之一,通常有搖把、搖臂、逆止鈕、主體、輪腳、導線輪、線輪、抛線螺帽、勾線夾、線殼、泄力裝置等11個主要部件組成的一個收線傳動裝置,固定在抛竿手柄的前方的釣具,是構成抛竿釣組的主要釣具。

捲線器特點:捲線器在釣組中的作用是巨大的,也是組成抛竿釣組的必備。它的優點首先是釣力大,抛投距離遠,抛投速度快。使用方便,不易亂線、纏線。搖動輕鬆,抛投不晃動,輕鬆,漁線排列整齊等優點。

其二:用途廣,捲線器不僅使用在抛竿釣魚上,它可以以任何抛竿匹配,配置許多不同釣法的釣組,還可以與手竿配置,特別是在用改裝手竽釣大魚時,很多釣友都喜歡在手竿上配上一隻捲線器,來提高竿鈎線的荷載能力,避免竿鈎線折斷和減少跑魚,達到多釣獲的目的。

其三:適應面廣。捲線器的出現使抛竿摒棄了手竿釣魚,只能釣近,不能釣遠的局限性。捲線器的作用延長了釣竿的長度,可勝任各種大小不同的水面。由於捲線器的存在,才使抛竿釣組更具有其靈活性,擺脫了手竿釣魚,使用“死線”的組配方式,結束了釣魚手不離竿的束縛。

其四:捲線器的輪的作用,不僅體現在整體性能上,而且還體現在每—個具體功能上。如捲線器的泄力裝置,可以通過釣手對泄力裝置的調控,來獲得竽線鈎最大承受能力和快速消耗中鈎之魚的體力,減輕釣手在遛魚時的體力消耗,收放功能可將作用於用裝置鈎線的拉力通過放線的方式得到釋放緩解,避免魚在瞬間的暴發力而折斷鈎線,以保證遛魚成功的可靠。特別是在湖泊,水庫等自然水域,釣取魚青魚、草魚、鯉魚、鰱等個體較大的魚。捲線器的泄力裝置尤爲重要,同時這也是漁線輪最主要的功能。

捲線器溯源

捲線器的工作原理由手柄轉動平面齒輪(大齒輪)做縱向轉動而帶動橫向齒輪,使卷線槽進行有規律的前後收縮。釣線受制線檔的制約,從而使收回的漁線均勻,整齊地排列在卷線槽內。這個工作原理,就是曲軸傳動原理。從史料得知。曲軸最早出現在我國的東漢時期(西元3世紀)不久,這項發明就很快得到普遍的運用。據野史記載,三國時期,諸葛亮製造出的木牛流馬,就是運用了曲軸傳動的原理。從以上兩個事例中不難看出我們先人的聰明才智。同時我們也可以自豪地肯定,是勤勞的中國人發明並使用了吊車。正如唐代詩人張志和在他的《漁歌子》中寫下的“吊車輕,橛頭船, 樂在風波不用仙”一樣。也正因爲有了吊車,所以才會有描寫吊車的詩句。正因爲有了吊車才有了宋代畫家馬遠筆下的《寒彙獨釣圖》才有源遠流長的輪竿釣。雖然當時的釣車不可與今天的捲線器並論。但是捲線器的工作原理畢竟是秉承釣車的傳動原理。

上世紀80年代,隨著國內的改開放和釣魚活動的普及,設計合理、功能齊全的捲線器傳入我國,並很快受到我國抛竿釣魚愛好者的追捧。90年代初期,我國釣具製造業吸取了國外的先進製造技術。經過十數年的拼搏,各種不同種類,不同用途的捲線器,不斷地被研製開發出來,就生産製作的材料也由現在的軸承取代了過去軸套,使捲線器的傳動系統的運轉更加順暢,平穩,有效地降低了捲線器在受力後發出的噪音。此外在泄力裝置上也進行重大的革新,淘汰了泄力裝置利用“飛”原理的泄力力法,改用單向軸承,降低了捲線器在荷載情況下的阻力,改變了“飛”原理泄力裝置,常會因卡簧脫落斷裂,而造成捲線器鎖不住線的弊端,完善了捲線器的使用功能。主體上,由現在的鈦合金和鎂合金材料,替代了ABS和其他的複合材料,減輕了捲線器自身的重量,使其具備了很強的鋼性,能有效地防止磕碰跌落造成的損毀,有效地延長了捲線器的使用壽命。

捲線器種類及其使用方法

一、紡車型,又稱旋壓式,是最普遍的一種,也是抛竿釣愛好者使用最多的一種。其優點是輕巧靈活,結構簡單,使用方便。紡車型漁線輪主要用於江河、湖泊、水庫等自然水域的海淡水釣魚。小型輪一般貯線爲20~50米,配2.1~3米的抛竿,主要釣取個體在5千克以下的魚類。中型輪可貯線80~120米的漁線,配3~3.6米抛竿,可以施釣較大的水面釣取5~10千克的大魚。大型輪貯線較多,通常在120~270米之間,配4.5米或更長的重型抛竿,釣取10~30公斤的大魚和海釣及灘釣。

紡車型捲線器特點:抛投、回收時放線收線快,捲線器的泄力裝置位於捲線器的卷線槽前,方便釣者根據魚的大小和魚線的承受能力來調節泄力裝置,提高竿鈎線的承受力,可使釣組獲得更大的保護,提高成功率。缺點是操作使用不當時,容易出現炸線(魚線突然暴出亂成一團)情況。

使用方法:做完抛投前的準備工作後,需要放出一段(30~40釐米)預留線,將線檔翻上,把線扣在食指上,並用手指壓住線,雙手舉過頭頂,竿柄指向目標(參照物),餌團釣組位於自已的腦後方。抛投時,左手適當地向下壓,右手在鬆開壓線手指的同時,可順勢將竿略加一些向前的推力。當鈎餌飛出後,抛竿,竿尖還應指對著目標,當鈎餌與鉛墜完全落入釣點後,稍停片刻,將線檔用手重定,即可收緊多餘的線,並將釣線收緊並固定。檢查一下逆止開關,若開關沒有關閉,應及時關閉,以免揚竿時跑線,使力量不能作用於釣鈎而跑魚。

二、鼓式捲線器:簡稱鼓型輪。通常由卷線槽,止轉杆搖籃臂、側板、輪腳、平衡重錘等部件組成。主要用於組配大中型抛竿在中深度的海域船釣、灘釣磯釣。規格較全,有大中小型號,輪體上裝有開、半停、停等三個控制開關。

它的結構簡單,輪體輕便耐用,其主要有特點爲,收線力量大,即使中大魚,釣者也可輕易地控制把握,應對自如。缺點是收線慢,只能作短距離抛投,若做長距離抛投會因出線不及時而造成亂線。因此,鼓式捲線器一般不作爲遠投用的漁線輪,通常的使用方法是打開止轉杆,利用波浪的推力和海水的作用,將鈎餌浮送至釣點。短距離抛投,打開止轉竿,用左手的拇指控住並壓住飛出的釣線,待鈎餌入水,(沈降),再用手指壓住出線,以防止卷線槽跟不上出線的速度面臨亂線,關閉止轉杆將漁線收緊即可等待魚訊。

三、封閉式捲線器:由搖籃臂止轉押鍵,搖把卷軸蓋,出線孔等部件組成。紡車式漁線輪的卷線槽是敞開的,放線收線都可以看得見,抛得遠,收得快。如果使用不當,就會出現亂線。而封閉式捲線器的卷線槽口是密封的,放線和收線看不見。這就避免了傷線和亂線。其主要用於漂流釣和飛蠅釣(路亞釣),抛投距離約在10~20米以內的區域,淺水域的抛投釣也用於中通式抛竿。線從槽底座前方一小孔穿入抛竿中,然後將漁線從竿梢處穿出,拴結釣組,也常用於2.1~2.7米小抛竿,或手抛兩用竿。這種線輪的特點是靠押鍵出線,只要一觸壓即可出線,要收可收,不易亂線,易學易會。抛投距離不如紡車式捲線器,收線的能力也弱,只適宜在水面較小的環境中使用,以釣取個體較小的魚類。

四、鼓式單軸承捲線器:由側板、止轉杆、卷線槽、搖臂、平衡重錘、輪腳等部件組成。卷線槽形如鼓狀,直徑比紡車型捲線器輪大,收線速度快,與路亞釣(飛蠅釣)飛輪相似。在軸承下方有個開關,有停、半停、開三個旋鈕,性能較佳。卷線槽內容積較大,可裝線200米,特點是結構簡單,使用方便,缺點是體積大,重量大,抛投距離短,抛投的技術要求高,抛投時,需用左手壓住魚線,右手抓住漁線輪的上方,操作有一定的難度。鼓式單軸承捲線器,一般只作爲深度海域船釣和磯釣,船上拖釣,不作爲湖庫等自然水域長距離的抛釣。故此,它只作短距離抛投(20~30米)。

五、雙軸鼓型捲線器:又稱胴突卷線器,因有雙軸承和卷線槽直徑大的優勢,使得收線阻力小,速度快,卷線槽中可容400~500米長度的漁線。主要用於配合海釣用重型抛竿。用於海上船釣,主釣的物件魚爲一些個體較大,掙扎能力較強的海水魚類。因雙軸鼓型捲線器爲釣大魚而採用,所以釣前應將漁線輪底座加固,以防止上大魚時松脫,抛投前左手拇指壓住漁線,右手將止轉杆板起,把釣組抛投至釣點,抛竿後關閉,餘線收緊固定。

六、叉式齒型捲線器:又稱手輪、土輪,由軸杆、卷線槽、叉形輪葉、螺帽、螺栓等部件組成。叉式齒型漁線輪的結構簡單,通常採用6~9只等長的叉齒固定在軸頭上,利用叉齒槽替代卷線槽來儲線。軸頭通過軸杆與杆體的齒輪配合固定,放線或收線時,放鬆或擰緊固定螺栓,漁線輪便會自行轉動或停止。輪盤(卷線槽)的直徑一般在15~20釐米,有的在傳動部分加有彈簧片,與內裝的小齒輪相接,起到閉鎖開關漁線輪的作用。

叉式齒型漁線輪,大多採用玻鋼、竹木、朔膠和金屬材料製成裝配在實心插接式玻璃籤維抛竿上。主要用於湖泊、水庫等較大自然水域,釣取個體較大的魚類。使用方法爲根據手感鬆緊漁線作爲調整拉力的標準。有魚咬鈎時靠手指扳動輪葉,較爲吃力。雖然叉式齒型輪有設計製作欠缺的地方,但它仍受廣大釣友的歡迎,低廉的造價,經濟實用,使用方便的特點還是得到更多釣友的追捧。中魚收竿的手感,能使人充分地感受到釣魚的樂趣。缺點是抛投難度大,需要一定的技巧,初學者不容易掌握,且容易亂線。

抛投時,捲線器置於釣者的右側,左手握住竿尾,右食指勾住軸杆,放鬆限位元螺帽,並檢查導線環有無被線纏住。在確認沒有妨礙時,將竿向身邊的右側略爲傾斜,利用暴發力將竿向前抛,同時鬆開壓在線上的右食指,將它指向軸杆,待鈎餌入水,右食指應立即壓住軸杆,控制著漁線輪運轉的速度,使其停轉,以免出線過多而亂線,收緊漁線,擰緊螺帽固定限動輪,等候魚訊。

七、數位顯示鼓形捲線器:一種帶有電子顯示的鼓形捲線器,通常爲海釣的專用輪。釣餌抛入海底,捲線器可準確地顯出海水的深度和所抛出釣線的長度,多用於海釣。

八、飛輪:是飛蠅釣主要用輪,也是飛蠅釣捲線器的簡稱。一般爲鋁合金或鋅合金材料製作,有大中小各種型號。由於飛蠅釣多使用空心漁線,且有變徑(線頭部較細,中部略粗),它要求漁線輪的槽口比一般的紡車型捲線器直徑略粗。因飛蠅釣法的抛投有別於抛竿釣法的抛投。故此,它有結構簡單,輕巧靈活的特點。

九、手刹式捲線器:屬紡車式捲線器的一種,是海釣浮游磯釣的專用輪,是根據鯛類魚的生活習性和方便釣者而設計的。它是由普通的紡車式捲線器進化而來,所有的功能與紡車式漁線輪類似。手刹車裝置設在漁線輪的輪腳處,釣者在中魚的情況下,使用一隻手就可控制出線量和出線速度,具有操作方便、輕便等優點,是浮游磯釣首先用輪,深受海釣愛好者的歡迎。

捲線器的構造及主要部件功能

漁線輪按傳動的結構可分爲A型、B型和C型。

A型:螺旋齒輪傳動,主齒輪爲壓鑄造或機械加工齒輪。傳動齒輪數爲兩個以上。

B型:螺旋齒輪傳動,主齒輪爲壓鑄齒輪。傳動齒輪數爲兩個以上。

C型:傳動系統的齒輪數多爲兩個的簡單結構。

一、主體 :又稱機殼,是指除卷線槽和搖臂之外的主體,通常由複合材料,尼龍玻纖材料,鋁合金材料,鋅合金材料,鈦合金和鎂合金材料製作。使用複合材料和尼龍玻纖製作的主體,強度高,穩定性好,抗衝擊能力強,但缺乏鋼性。使用鎂鈦合金製作的漁線輪,主要是有兩個方面。一是製造時出於對捲線器重量的考慮,二是出於質量的考慮。從重量上講,複合材料和尼龍玻纖材料的比重要大得多。鋁合金材料雖輕,但比重仍在2.0以上,且不耐腐蝕,使用鎂合金或鈦合金材料製造的主體比重僅爲1.6~1.8,重量減輕了許多,鋼性和使用壽命又得到很大的提高,在表面處理上,金屬零件爲烤漆工藝,主體爲噴漆和鋁合金氧化色,這樣的處理比較符合審美觀點,同時也容易被釣魚人接受。

二、搖臂把手:又稱搖臂組合體,其主要功能通過釣者的轉動,使捲線器獲得動力,收線或是放線。考慮到各人用手習慣的不同,一般的搖臂都可左右互換。習慣使用左手的人,只要將搖臂的旋鈕取下,即可將搖臂換至左手位置,反之亦然。

三、泄力裝置調整:簡稱調整鈕,是一種安全裝置。當大魚上鈎掙扎的力量過大,超過原先預定的力量時,漁線輪會自動逆轉放線,使竿鈎線不受到傷害。釣者通過旋緊或放鬆方法來設定泄力值的大小,提高遛魚的成功率。

四、逆止鈕:又稱逆止開關,其主要作用是控制漁線輪的正反轉。當逆止鈕處於逆止的位置時,轉動搖臂,捲線器只能正轉,不能逆轉,捲線器只有收線的功能。當逆止鈕拔向放鬆的位置時,捲線器可以正反轉,可以收線亦可以放線。逆止開關在遛魚時,非常關鍵,尤其大魚的衝撞力超過竿鈎線的承受力時,即使逆止開關設置在逆止的位置,漁線輪也能自動放線,對竿鈎線,能起到良好保護作用,所以說,竿好不如輪好。竿好輪差,竿的優勢發揮不出來,捲線器好,則可以彌補竿的不足。

五、主齒輪:也稱平面齒輪、大齒輪,與手柄相聯傳動,把線收卷在固定不傳,但前後伸縮的卷線槽內。

六、軸承:使主線能較均勻地繞在卷線槽內。是漁線輪中傳動中的主要部件,位於主軸手柄和主齒輪杆上。它具有克服傳動阻力的功能和保證收線受阻的情況下,使捲線器平穩順暢轉動,克服傳動時發出機械摩擦的噪音。

七、線檔:位於卷線槽上口,其主要功能就是將抛出的漁線歸攏在抛螺帽的位置上。使魚線減少摩擦,收線時減少阻力。

八、輪腳:又稱輪卡,位於捲線器主體的最下端,主要的作用就是通過它將漁線輪固定在抛竿的輪腳座(卡座)上。

捲線器的泄力裝置

泄力裝置由調節鈕,單向軸承,瓦絲墊片,羊毛氈片,六角扣環等部件組成,它是一種可調裝置,是在反逆裝置啓動時,控制著滑下線槽釣線的數量,即使反逆裝置關閉,釣者握住魚線輪把手不動時,泄力裝置一樣達到釋放,化解作用於竿鈎線的力量,泄力裝置的作用,可讓咬鈎的大魚因掙扎而拽出漁線而不至於掙斷,從而使竿、鈎、線獲得最大的承受能力,有效地保護釣組,消耗魚的體力,當魚的力量小於設定的泄力值時,魚線輪的泄力裝置不會出線,捲線器可正常的工作。當魚的掙扎力量大於設定泄力值時,泄力裝置可自行出現緩解竿鈎線的承受能力。泄力裝置的好壞,直接關係到釣獲的是否成功。因此,常聽見釣友說,一個釣組中釣竿可以差一些,但捲線器的泄力一定要好。如果遛魚時,泄力不及時,或者出線不暢,很容易造成斷線跑魚。泄力裝置的好壞,還與泄力裝置使用的材料有關。

前泄力裝置與後泄力裝置

每一個捲線器都有一個泄力裝置,通常釣友們習慣地把設置在魚線輪前位置的泄力裝置,稱之爲前泄力,而把設置在魚線輪支腳上方,魚線輪主軸上的泄力裝置叫著後泄力。但無論泄力裝置在前還是在後,這都與使用沒有太大的關係。主要是和個人的使用習慣有關。歐洲一些國家習慣使用後泄力裝置的魚線輪,而美國釣魚人則喜歡前泄力裝置的捲線器,這好比蘿蔔青菜,源于個人的喜好。泄力裝置位置的前後是設計者根據魚線輪的結構、重量、性能和方便使用的角度來考慮的,但無論在前在後,其作用都是一樣的,都是用於化解魚的衝擊力,消耗魚的體力來提高竿鈎線的承受能力,避免斷線跑魚,提高釣獲。至於選擇前泄力還是選擇後泄力好,這就象有人習慣用左手和習慣用右手一樣,主要依各人的習慣而定。

設定泄力的幾種方法

泄力裝置使用沒有標準的模式,如果設置不合理(設定的公斤數高)釣者在揚竿時很容易造成切線。泄力設置過低,達不到消耗魚體力的目的,發揮不了泄力裝置的作用。因此,很多抛竿釣友設置泄力值時,多憑自已的經驗。有人根據釣線的承受拉力一半來做爲泄力值,也有人根據所釣的物件魚的大小來設置,但更多的釣友習慣的做法是將泄力預先設置在用小力不出線,用大力出少線的狀態中,此外,還有一種做法,較爲科學合理。具體的方法是將已裝好捲線器和釣線的魚竿一節節地伸展開來,然後將釣線從竿尖處拉出一定長度,在釣線的端頭拴上一個較重的固定物。測試時,先將調力旋鈕擰到最緊處,用較大力將竿揮到其能夠承受的最大彎度爲止,然後將調力旋鈕慢慢調鬆到正好能使捲線器自動放線,這時的捲線器釣力便是其最大的釣力,以後若遇到大魚時,拉力一旦超過這一限度,捲線器便會自動放線。

轉速比

轉速比全稱爲捲線器轉速比率,是捲線器搖柄轉動程度與所收回的魚線量成比例,這種收線的比例是捲線器搖柄完成轉動一周(360度)時,魚線在卷線槽中纏繞圈數來計算的。如轉速比爲5.5規格的捲線器,當搖柄轉動一圈時,則收回五圈半的魚線。我們以線槽的直徑爲5釐米卷線槽爲例,搖柄轉動一圈時,可收魚線0.86米,常見的規格有4.5;1.3; 14:1.5,2:1,5.5:1等多種規格的轉速比,加之魚線的直徑不一,它們的收線的速度也不盡相同,即卷線槽的直徑大,轉速比高的魚線輪收線的速度要比轉速比低的快,卷線槽直徑大的捲線器收線要比直徑小的快,由於捲線器的種類,規格很多,繞線輪的直徑也不一樣,所以,它們的轉速比也不盡相同。捲線器的轉速比率通常標明在捲線器的繞線盤上。轉速比的大小,在自然條件較好的釣場並不能完全地顯現,可到了自然條件較差的釣場或是釣取大魚時,就可顯出它不凡的作用。

捲線器認識的誤區

在釣場或與釣友們聊天,常常聽見釣友們在互相議論,攀比,談及某某的捲線器好,軸承多,使用起來如何的平穩、輕鬆,收線時如何的快捷。大家對捲線器的認識,僅是軸承數的多寡,而不是對整個捲線器整體性能的認識。他們的認爲似乎是軸承數越多就越好。還有人認爲捲線器的品質的好壞,完全取決於軸承數,而不是看捲線器整體結構、性能、重量、外形。如果,我們從捲線器的結構和整體性能上看,這個觀點就是錯誤。一個捲線器品質的好壞,僅從軸承和軸承的數量上來認定,我們犯了一個以偏概全的錯誤。因爲軸承僅僅是組成捲線器的一個部分,它還有外形、功能、泄力裝置、逆止開關等部件。軸承多只是有利於保障傳動部分正常的工作,降低主軸的摩擦係數,消除機械傳動燥音的功能,而不能保證其他功能都處於良好的狀態。有不少的捲線器生産廠家,爲了迎合釣友們的追捧,刻意在所生産的捲線器上標注4~10個軸承,來促銷自已的産品。如果,我們做個有心人,把捲線器剖解開來,仔細研究一下捲線器的整體結構就不難發現,以曲軸傳動原理爲主體的捲線器實際上並不需要太多的軸承,軸承的使用僅僅在抛線螺帽,主齒輪(主軸)搖臂上和逆止開關上。若把其他不需要軸承的地方安裝軸承,豈不是“畫蛇添足”。換言之,一個捲線器最多有4個軸承也就足夠了,而並非是越多越好,多了還容易給自已帶來麻煩。捲線器是用於釣魚的,與水打“交道”多,使用過程中若軸承不慎沾水,很容易生銹。一旦軸承生銹就會影響到捲線器的正常使用和整體性能。因此,選擇4軸承(關鍵部位)的捲線器就可以了,不要盲目迷信地追求軸承多的捲線器。

捲線器的型號

捲線器的大小由捲線器卷線槽的直徑、容線量、轉速比來確定它的規格型號的,而不是以它的體積大小來確定的。有的線輪體積很大,但卷線槽的直徑容線量很少,轉速比低。實則屬於小規格輪。通常的情況下,捲線器卷線槽的直徑大,容線量大,轉速比高,才被視爲大輪,反之則被稱之爲中型輪或小型輪。

捲線器規格型號的大小,一般都由生産廠家設定,對於型號的設定沒有一個統一的標準,國際上也是如此。日本喜歡把捲線器以千位元數爲單位來表示,(如西瑪諾品牌就標往1000型~10000型),韓國則喜歡用十字爲單位,(如善士達公司生産的能手系列漁線輪都是以十爲單位規定規格型號)。我國早期也有不少廠家則用百字來表示捲線器的大小。隨著釣具業的發展,有許多廠家逐漸地改變了型號的稱法,漸漸地統一以千位元數爲單位。但無論以什麽位元數位爲單位來做表示的,捲線器的數位越大,它的型號就越大,所以,我們不要被捲線器外形的大小所迷惑,而應該仔細地查閱,標注在卷線槽上的軸承數、轉速比、容線量等說明,來確認魚線輪的大小。

以上轉載文章~提供各位參考~

Just for fun.

Re: 我也来无聊一把

偶拋砖引玉得逞矣! 多謝 forfun 兄转貼支持 :-)

文中提及之 "吊車" 不知可會是 "釣車" 之誤?....現今之吊車大家都知是何所指;-)

============================================

見 皮日休(唐代文學家)全集 http://www.yasue.cc/pei_yat_yau.html

奉和魯望漁具十五詠 之 舴艋

 

阔處只三尺﹐ 翛然足吾事。 低蓬掛釣車﹐ 枯蚌盛魚餌 。

只好攜橈坐﹐ 唯堪蓋蓑睡。 若遣遂平生﹐ 艅艎不如是。

============================== 

 

"舴艋"大概與今之 canoe 相若吧

"艅艎"(魚王?:-))則射今之 Bass Boat 乎?      ;-)

 

bass, 不要叫甚么 捲線器, 魚輪, 魚鉸啦, 就復古叫"釣車"吧...两个字, 古雅 ;-)

 

回想, 古之"釣車" 可會是今之 rod/reel combo? ;-)

 

舴艋舟 http://www.travelstation.com.tw/BN/02/02.htm

艅艎 大船又艎板(舨?)也

 

Re: 我也来无聊一把

作"漁歌子"的 張志和(約730~810),字子同,金華(今浙江)人。十六歲即擢明經,唐肅宗賞識他,命他待詔翰林,後因事被貶,赦還後不復出仕,隱居江湖,自號「煙波釣徒」。著有《玄真子》,故又自號「玄真子」。他善畫山水,「酒酣,或擊鼓吹笛,舐筆輒成」(《新唐書》卷一九六)。

 

「煙波釣徒」此网名偶見过:-)

 

维基文库,自由的源文档库

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《漁歌子》─ 張志和

西塞山前白鷺飛,
桃花流水鱖魚肥。
青篛笠,綠蓑衣,
斜風細雨不須歸。

 好句 "斜風細雨不須歸"......老張是 die-hard 漁夫无疑 :-)

<!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwikisource:pcache:idhash:11578-0!1!0!!zh-hk!2!zh-hk and timestamp 20061018162943 -->
 
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Re: 我也来无聊一把

“偶拋砖引玉得逞矣! 多謝 forfun 兄转貼支持 ""

实际上,是向你学习而已。

“文中提及之 "吊車" 不知可會是 "釣車" 之誤?....現今之吊車大家都知是何所指""

不知古汉语中,吊,钓,是否同意。大陆版文中均为“钓”,本文是从台湾网站里拿来的。

Just for fun.

Re: Found a painting by Ma Yuan, c1195.

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Angling historians have long been frustrated in trying to trace the history of the fishing reel. In 1651, English literature first reported a "wind" installed within two feet of the lower end of the rod. This is usually accepted as the earliest known written reference to a reel. However, there are examples of Oriental paintings that depict Chinese fishermen using reels of various sizes that date to the twelfth century. To the left is the earliest known depiction of a reel titled Angler on a Wintry Lake, a painting by Ma Yuan, c1195.

http://www.orcaonline.org/reel_history.htm

"Angler on a Wintry Lake" = "寒江獨釣图" ?....江=lake, 不是 river?...或此"江"字难譯?....差劲:-)

图中除見到竿, 釣車(reel), 漁笼外, 还有那 rod holder (跟tiger的相若);-)

漁絲倒纏在竿上搭过“釣車”垂回水中...魚情不好, 暫且收竿?

看傾斜的漁笼及傍边的水波纹, "舴艋"应已 anchored....但不見 bowline 斜在船头左方水中;-)...但再看船尾在樹边的位置, 不排除船是經刻意搁淺的....或另一端才是船头, 已綁在岸边?

从"釣車"上謹可見到的 4 枝 spokes 的相互角度看来﹐此釣車应有 6 spokes (有两枝可能跟竿重疊 ﹐真的跟 [url=http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.antiquefishingcollectibles.com/images/gallerypics/indianareels/1-50/38.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.antiquefishingcollectibles.com/indiana%2520reels.htm&h=422&w=492&sz=20&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=rXYpU8YoOG55YM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dindiana%2Breel%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dlang_en]Indiana reel[/url] 的佈局相似...早期印州移民中可有我漁夫?;-))......不知原图有多大?

哈哈 仙鶴...Cormorant 古已有之! 患然?

老实說, 图中景像沾不上半点寒氣, 漁夫露臂;-)....寒者江名乎?

"...Oriental paintings that depict Chinese fishermen using reels of various sizes that date to the twelfth century."...so there must be more paintings with reels shown ....

 

Still searching.......

 

 

Re: Found a painting by Ma Yuan, c1195.

where is the reel? I cannot find it.

 

--- 梦鱼 ---

Re: Found a painting by Ma Yuan, c1195.

[img]http://www.persianclubs.com/images/magnifier-01.jpg[/img]

........you have to find out the rod first ;-).......hope this helps

Re: Found a painting by Ma Yuan, c1195.

是不是踩在脚底下?

--- 梦鱼 ---

Re: Found a painting by Ma Yuan, c1195.

見你问得蛮正经的......还有, 踩着的都叫风火輪, 跟魚輪有別....LOLLLLLL

[img]http://www.lakesimcoemessageboard.com/post_images/chinesereelartw.jpg[/img]

 

Still searching.......

 

Re: Found a painting by Ma Yuan, c1195.

我看着你化红圈的地方,想了想的,最后肯定是那时渔线不佳,打结有问题。。。

实在看不出是渔轮?!即是现在知道了,左看右看,还是觉得他要不画错了,就是挂错了!""

--- 梦鱼 ---

Re: Found a painting by Ma Yuan, c1195.

这些打击我还是要忍受的:-(.......功夫总有天會做妥 ﹗

 

Have to be searching...... 

Re: Getting closer.........

Got a call this morning from the library for a HOLD that I made not too long ago....the book is "Wonders of Ancient Chinese Science" (1969, 126 pages, hardcover) by Robert Silverberg, Illustrated by Marvin Besunder...

Chapter 9   THE FISHING ROD REEL

[img]http://www.lakesimcoemessageboard.com/post_images/reel.jpg[/img]

The above illustration was no way by the ancients, and was probably drawn by Marvin Besunder based on certain authentic Chinese paintings & literatures he went through in the museums & libraries.....the Rod/Reel combo shown is a newer version than the one in Ma Yuan's painting, rod with line guides, reel with rim not just forked spokes....can't say it's a good illustration to our interest, line entering reel drum not as expected, reel's [url=http://www.ul.ie/~rynnet/keanea/introduc.htm]Axonometric Projection[/url] seems not in good viewing harmony with other details in the illustration, looks like 90° off....apart from lacking of a reel seat, it looks really like the modern Float Reel to me;-)

============================

Some abstracts....

"A Chinese book written about sixteen hundred years ago tells the story of Lingyang Tzu-Ming, a holy man who caught a white dragon with his fishing rod and was carried off by it to a sacred mountain, where he became an immortal. Years later, the tale goes, one of the holyman's disciples came to the part of the country and asked the villagers thereabouts if anyone knew where the "fishing-rod wheel" of Lingyang Tzu-Ming was, for he wished to try his luck with it. The phrase seems almost certainly to mean a reel"

"Beyond any doubt the Chinese were using reels by the end of the twelve century, for about 1195 the great painter Ma Yuan did his "Angler on a Wintry Lake", a beautifully simple work that shows a fisherman alone in a small boat. He holds a short rod on which an unmistakable [well only to some :-)...agree? bass] reel is mounted. A book of Buddhist tales printed between 1208 and 1224 contains two woodcuts showing fishermen using rod and reel. Another reel is shown in a painting by Wu Chen (1280-1354) that can be seen at the Freer Gallery in Washington [彩虹 care to take a photo next time you go that way?;-)]. The next time the reel appear in Chinese art is in an illustration in the 1609 encyclopedia, San Ts'ai T'u Hui, showing a fisherman on a riverbank reeling in a large turtle that he has caught."

================================================

Still waiting for the Amazon delivery, in the hope of seeing some authentic paintings of THE REEL................for the 完結篇! :-)

================================================

References :-

San-ts'ai-t'u-hui 三 才 圖 會 (pictorial encyclopedias)Compiled by Wang Ch'i 王 圻, 155 vols. (1609)

KUANG PO WU CHIH 廣博物誌(1607)

Freer Gallery of Art http://www.visitingdc.com/museum/freer-gallery-art-washington-dc.htm

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